| 摘要: |
| 马王堆汉墓出土医书（包括帛书与竹简）详细记载了秦汉时期对眼、耳、鼻、喉及口齿等五官科疾
病的认知与疗法，是考察秦汉医学由经验积累向理论构建过渡的关键史料。文章通过系统梳理其中五官科医
学的理论框架与临证实践，发现马王堆医书确立了五官科病症与“耳脉”“齿脉”等经脉的专属关联，初步具备
“形神合一”与“治未病”思想，形成了融合方药、导引与灸法的综合干预疗法。将其与张家山、武威及天回等
出土汉简进行比较，分析其在病症命名、诊疗技术及理论建构层面的特征与异同，进而探讨秦汉时期五官科医
学的整体发展水平、鲜明地域差异及其对中医五官科专科化的奠基作用。 |
| 关键词: 马王堆医书 五官科病症 特色疗法 秦汉简帛 比较研究 |
| DOI： |
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| A study on ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology in Mawangdui medical manuscripts and thedevelopment of this specialty in the Qin and Han dynasties |
| LONG Yijia,XU Ying |
| (Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The medical manuscripts （including silk manuscripts and bamboo slips） unearthed from the Mawangdui
Han tomb contain detailed records of the understanding and treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose, throat, and oral
cavity during the Qin and Han dynasties, and therefore, they are the key historical materials for examining the transition of
Qin-Han medicine from empirical accumulation to theoretical construction. Through a systematic review of the theoretical
framework and clinical practice of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology in the Mawangdui medical manuscripts, this
study shows that these manuscripts established specific associations between diseases of the five sense organs and the meridians
such as the “ear meridian” and the “tooth meridian”, formed the thoughts of “unity of body and spirit” and
“preventive treatment”, and developed comprehensive intervention therapies integrating prescriptions, guided stretching
and breathing exercises, and moxibustion therapy. By comparing these manuscripts with unearthed Han bamboo slips from Zhangjiashan, Wuwei, and Tianhui, this study analyzes their characteristics in disease nomenclature, diagnostic and therapeutic
techniques, and theoretical construction, as well as related similarities and differences, and it further explores the
overall development level, distinct regional differences, and the fundamental role of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology
during the Qin and Han dynasties in the specialization of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology in traditional Chinese
medicine. |
| Key words: Mawangdui medical manuscripts diseases of the five sense organs characteristic therapies Qin-Han
bamboo slips and silk manuscripts comparative study |
